A Paper On Art Appreciation - 838 Words

A Paper submitted to Webber International University. In partial fulfilment for the Bachelor of Science degree in Marketing. By: James Urquhart Date: 02/10/16 Course: Art Appreciation Semester: Fall Words: 1273 (Not including cover page or reference page) Museum Project The Louvre: ‘The Louvre’ is the museum I researched, and ‘Virgin of the Rocks’ is the painting I decided to choose. The Louvre Museum is the largest in the world, and is situated in Paris, France. Around 35,000 objects are exhibited over an area of around 40 square miles. The Louvre is also the second most visited museum in the world, trailing only the Palace Museum in China. The louvre has more than 9 million visitors annually. (Louvre, 2016) The museum opened to the public on August 10, 1793. At this point it only had a little over 500 paintings in its possession. Most of these works were either royal art, or confiscated church property. During the years of 1796 until 1801, the Louvre was closed due to maintenance and construction. Eventually, this collection was added to with contributions during the reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X. Furthermore, the Second French Empire helped to contribute a further 20,000 pieces to the Louvre. (Louvre, 2016) Virgin of the Rocks: Leonardo’s painting â€Å"The Virgin of the Rocks celebrates the mystery of Incarnation in portrayals of the Virgin Mary, Christ and Saint John the Baptist.† For the first time, these holy figures, bathed in a gentle light,Show MoreRelatedThe Modern Mentality Regarding the View of Art1008 Words   |  5 Pagesbounded pieces of paper? In a very general sense, they represent a type of art. Art, as defined by the New Oxford American Dictionary, is the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination . . . producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power. The majority of people would accept this as a good idea of what art is; but really, what is art to us? Is it a good picture? Is it a catchy tune? Or is it the creativity in the creation of art itself? The effortRead MorePierre-Jacques Volaire The Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 17711357 Words   |  5 PagesThe appreciation of art: taking in what is in front of oneself by analyzing the many facets that are intricately placed in a sculpture, painting or anything that is to be considered art; within this paper will be explained the three subjects, analysis, content, and function of Volaire’s work on The Eruption of Mount Vesuvius that allow one to have a true appreciation for the arts. It is through these three subjects that one can see how valuable art truly is. Without these subjects all is lost andRead MoreAppreciation Of A Novel By Barbara Kruger1311 Words   |  6 PagesAppreciation of art is like the appreciation of a novel. One may read a title of a novel and be amazed and curios but will never appreciate it fully if the novel is not read from cover to cover. For any piece of art, one needs to learn about the artist, the story behind the piece and the purpose of the piece. In addition to learning about the work, as a woman, I find myself leaning more towards the appreciation of the work of women artists who use their talent and skills to express themselves and/orRead MoreThe Current State Of The Cambodian Traditional Music Revival And The Large Impact Of Cultural Music Education1539 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch is able to see the current state of the Cambodian traditional music revival and the large impact of cultural music education, it fails to see the external benefits of this music that promotes â€Å"a culture of peace, global citizenship, and appreciation of cultural diversity and i ts contribution to sustainable development†.29 This cultural benefit is one of the biggest answers to the question of why this music education and the survival of traditional music is important. Despite the lack of coverageRead MoreEssay Baroque Art in Europe and North America1408 Words   |  6 Pages Baroque Art in Europe and North America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout this research paper the topic is going to be along the lines of the Baroque Art in Europe and North America, which comes from chapter nineteen of our Art History book. The main purpose is to review major ideas and principles in this chapter by writing an analysis of certain points that were highlighted. For example, certain techniques that were used to define the Baroque Art, major sculptures, architectures, andRead MoreEffect Of Rmb On Hong Kong Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hong Kong economy can incur a lot of positive effects from the appreciation of the Renminbi. According to a study conducted by Kelvin Fan (2010), it was found that the appreciation of RMB can influence HK’s consumer price inflation. This finding is consistent with another study conducted by Lai (2007). Lai’s study is more comprehensive compared to Fan. In her paper, she discussed the forseen effects of the appreciation of RMB on the economic and financial s ystems of Hong Kong. Her findings areRead MoreArt Appreciation - 3964 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 1 Individual Project Art Appreciation By: Tarsha Art can be defined as, human effort to imitate, supplement, alter, or counteract the work of nature. It’s also the conscious or arrangement of sounds, colors, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the sense of beauty, specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium (freedictionary.com). It is the class of objects subject to aesthetic criteria; works of arts collectively as paintings, sculptureRead MoreInternational Students At The American University1749 Words   |  7 Pagesalso help them to revise the paper and make the sentences of the essay more graceful than the original paper. Also, myself, at the first year I came to USA, I was confused with my art appreciation class and I don’t know how I can study well this class. I went to see my advisor and she strongly suggested my to go to the Learning Writing Center for help. I went to the center and a graduate students who has took this class before helped me a lot with my art appreciation class study because she toldRead MoreThe Museum Of Art : The Philbrook Museum884 Words   |  4 PagesPhilbrook Museum of Art is easily the best museum Tulsa has to offer, and since I have been there before I probably wasn’t going into with a fresh mindset. However, I think the additional knowledge of art I learned through the couple of years in between allowed me to appreciate even more of the art there. I went there with Prof. Trotter and most of the class of art appreciation. I don’t think that most people that go there realize that the museum has such a rich history, and some of the art there is exceptionalRead Moreâ€Å"The Pieta† by Michelangelo Essay1238 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Just as other works that reflect art, pieces in the category of fine arts serve the important message of passing certain messages or portraying a special feeling towards a particular person, function or activity. At times due to the nature of a particular work, it can become so valuable that its viewers cannot place a price on it. It is not the nature or texture of an art that qualifies it, but the appreciation by those who look at it (Lewis Lewis, 2008). There are a number of artists

The Effects Of Bilingualism On The Executive Function And...

Introduction By the emerge of globalization, being a bilingual is no longer a novelty experience any more. It is quiet normal in nowadays that people encounter bilinguals in their daily bases. There is a common sense that bilinguals should have certain abilities prior to monolinguals. Bialystok (2001) suggested that â€Å"the constant managing 2 competing languages enhance the executive function†. Moreover, her another study(Bialystok, 2004) indicated that bilingual participants also responded more rapidly to conditions that placed greater demands on working memory. In all cases the bilingual advantage was greater for older participants. These two findings imply that bilingualism have beneficial effects on the executive function and working memory. Besides the excellent executive function ability and the great capability of working memory, researchers also found out that bilinguals have advantages on a particular working memory. The study of Luo et.al (2013) demonstrated tha t bilinguals outperforms the monolingual participants in spatial working memory. It showed that bilinguals are superior to monolinguals in some aspects, which can provide a exact picture how bilingualism facilitates people so that it may motivate people to start acquiring a new language. For my own curious, I want to know that if bilinguals advantage can persist across different experimental designs. In addition, it should be interesting to test the correlation of different types of bilinguals andShow MoreRelatedintend to expose in their studies how Educational Neuroscience can reshape educational policies and1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe impact of bilingual language exposure in children’s ability to achieve linguistic mastery and fluency and reading. Garbing and company proposed that bilingualism has a positive effect on executive controls. Since little is known about the effects of using two languages on an everyday basis; they intended to correlate it to executive functions through task based fMRIs, in which monolingual and bilingual groups were to use MRI adapted goggles while performing consecutive runs of non-linguistic switchingRead MoreLanguage Processing And Memory Retrieval903 Words   |  4 PagesIn the past, cognitive studies on language processing and memory retrieval was mostly focused on monolingual speakers. The idea of bilingualism and its effect on memory is relatively new, but it is also considered as a rising topic in the field of psychology, linguistics, cognitive science, and second language studies. In 1993, Javier, Barroso, and Muà ±oz conducted a research with a group of Spanish-English bilingual speakers. They emphasized that language is a powerful retrieval tool and a cue toRead MoreBilingualism Is The Ability By Individuals1208 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Bilingualism is the ability by individuals to use two linguistic systems languages. Children acquire bilingualism in their early years when they are regularly exposed to adults who speak two different languages such as German and French or English and Spanish. Research shows that the majority of people in the world today are bilingual, or multilingual (those who comprehend more than two languages), compared to monolingual (individuals who have learned only one language). While manyRead MoreBilingualism : A Mental Advantage1597 Words   |  7 PagesBilingualism: A Mental Advantage Bilinguals are often praised by employers for their multi-language skills. With the push for children and adults to become bilingual there is an increase of teaching all around the world. While many are raised bilingual there are still some places that lack in the teachings. The advocators for bilingualism show that the teaching is truly worth it because of all of the benefits in becoming bilingual. While it is clear that there are benefits in regards to communicationRead MoreBilingualism Has On The Mind Essay1810 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch done on bilingualism I had very little to none background knowledge on bilingualism. I thought the only outcome of being bilingual or multilingual is you get to socialize with other people from other backgrounds and maybe have more opportunities to a more variety of jobs. Needs less to say I greatly underestimated the importance bilingualism has on the mind, in school and in life itself. After reading tremendous amount of research, I have a b etter insight, on how bilingualism can change one’sRead MoreThe Disadvantages Of The Bilingual Advantage929 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ability to use more than one language brings an individual a considerable advantage.† Research on the subject seems to indicate that in fact there are plenty of benefits of speaking multiple languages, specifically relating to working memory and thus executive function, spawning the phrase â€Å"the bilingual advantage,† however there are also some drawbacks. Music and math are both thought to incur various advantages to young learners, which is no surprise since they are, in a way, languages in andRead MoreThe Primary Responsibilities Of An Educator1412 Words   |  6 Pagesbilingual and biliterate. This paper will review literature and research supporting dual language programs and provide the rational for the implementation of Lenguas Nativas. Identity Formation and Cultural Awareness Garcia (2009) suggests that bilingualism leads to social advantages and allows students to become aware of cultural differences. Students in the Lenguas Nativas program can construct their own hybrid culture that enables them to negotiate both cultural systems. De Jong (2011) echoes thisRead MoreThe Positive Benefits Of Bilingualism2077 Words   |  9 Pagesbenefits of bilingualism and how it affects children, during their childhood and well into adulthood. In addition this paper will look into the scientific and general advantages of bilingualism through scientific studies on the subject. This paper will also identify some of the pros and cons of growing up bilingual. Specifically to be cognitive flexibility, metalinguistic awareness, communicative sensitivity, attentiveness and combatting dementia. A new research era began into bilingualism after theRead MoreBilingualism Is Harmful And Interferes With Healthy Development2515 Words   |  11 PagesBilingualism, or an ability to u se at least two languages (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004), has been studied for decades. A quick literature search will reveal that research on this topic goes back as far as the 1800s. This is hardly surprising considering that at least half of the world’s population is bilingual (Grosjean, 2010, p. 13), with some European countries reaching rates as high as 99 percent (European Commission, 2006, p. 3). Interestingly enough, until relativelyRead MoreHow Bilingualism Affects Cognition And Whether Or Not The Effects3756 Words   |  16 Pages becoming a bilingual or multilingual individual. However, with this new trend, controversy has arisen as to how this affects performance in terms of cognitive abilities. The purpose of this essay is to find out to how bilingualism affects cognition and whether or not the effects are positive. Cognitions is the term used to describe the process of knowing, reasoning and remembering. Many researchers have set out to solve this contentious mystery. For years, it was believed that a bilingual individual

Cost and Quality Management Plan-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cost and Quality Management Plan. Answer: Introduction Cost and quality management plan is a very important factor when it comes designing a project management plan. The purpose of the quality in the project is to describe how quality will be managed across the lifecycle of the project. On the other hand, cost management plan is to describe how the cost of a project will be managed through the process. For example, the manufacturing of 10,000 rubber components at Rubber components production will require quality and cost management plan. This medium is very much essential for the organization to understand the scope of what they want to invest in and perhaps make some profit (Al-Zwainy, F.M.S., and Neran, page 42). Measuring Project Costs This section entails aims at the explanation of cost for a project management plan can be determined. The analysis of the PMBOK is concerned with cost determination and control which can be estimated through the calculation of the schedule variance. The earned value which is the actual value and its difference from the planned value provides the schedule difference (Alvarez, Turner, R. and Mittra, page 60). Ideally, when the difference is negative then it implies the organization is taking a wrong turn and when we have a positive figure on the difference, it means that the company is on the right path. Therefore, the project enactment can be known using the earned value management with the four matrixes that are used in the cost planning project. The company and the owner of the tender are expected to state the real product worthiness and this help in knowing and the determination of the exact product cost. The raw material purchases per month in the company are 1000 units for the production process. On the other hand, the vendors will be guaranteeing a fixed cost of $200 per raw material units during the first 12 months of the project only. Material escalation factors are expected at month 13 due to renegotiation of the United Rubber Workers contracts. The cost measuring index Performance measure Blue Red Schedule performance index Less or more than 1 Less 0.9 or more than 1.1 Cost performance index Less or more than 1 Less 0.9 or more than 1.1 The cost baseline PMBOK explains the cost base line as set base cost limit that is considered as the control factor in measuring, controlling and also the monitoring process for the whole project performance. However, there exist a variety of factors that have an effect on a project cost performance and thus during the planning process, the estimated cost figures may perhaps not be accurate based on the factors in the working environment and the emerging trends (Reich and Wee, page 11). For example, if at a particular phase the training, materials and traveling costs were estimated and the then during the execution of the plan, the costs of the materials changes and this increases or decreases the cost of the performance. Therefore, time is another factor that can affect the cost of performance of a product due to the unstable costs of the raw materials that are very much essential in the determination of the final product and hence the final costs. The tools and techniques used in the cost management plan These are the techniques that are very essential and are used in the determination of the cost of a project during the cycle period. The management plan assists in a setting that is then measured, reported and controlled. The techniques of cost management plan are the earned value management which is an essential tool in the determination of the cost of the project. Additionally, in the capturing of the earned value management various tools and techniques such as the project management software which will assist in the capturing, recording and then forecasting the projects. Additionally, there are various measurement tools that can be used in the determination of the earned value management and this includes; The schedule variance (SV) The schedule variance determination is based on the project performance. The SV calculation is done the determination of the differences between the real value which in this case is the already earned value and the budgeted value. The planned value is the amounts we were supposed to get at the end of the project and its always under speculation. Therefore, the difference marks the success of the business or perhaps will determine whether the project is valid. Ideally, the plans should be able to be positive in comparison to the actual plan of the Rubber component production. The cost variance The value is measured based on the budget performance for the project. This is calculated by subtracting the actual costs (AC) which are the actual cost incurred to the very date from the earned value (EV). Therefore, this will be determined by taking into consideration the present cost that the company has used in the production of Rubber and getting the difference from the earned value. The perfect project is signified when the CV value is zero, but when the value of cv goes more than zero and also you find that you also notice the value is accumulating more cost than was planned this is termed as under budgeting. Over budgeting, on the other hand, comes in when the project CV is less than zero. The schedule performance index It is the measure of that which has been achieved against the one that was planned for the project. The value is calculated by EV/PV and the value is one if both the EV and PV are equal. If the value is less than one, then the project started is behind the schedule and on the other hand, if the value is greater than one, then the project is ahead of the stated schedule. A perfect project should be that one that is slightly under or above the value one in the project (Diniz and Fabbe-Costes, page 240). The cost performance index This is the calculation comparison into the work value completed In reference to the real value in terms of the work that is already done. EV/AC calculation measures the cost performance cost. A project that equals to one is termed as an on budget project. On the other hand, if its less than one, its termed as over budget project. In addition to that, and under the budget project is one that total cost is more than one. The quality management plan for the project These are the processes and the activities of the organization that is performing that assist in the determination of the quality policies, expected objectives and the responsibility to make sure that the project satisfies the needs in consideration to the purposes. The purpose of the project is making sure that there is the production of 10,000 rubber components that are of good quality according to the standard of requirements (Polak and Wjcik, page 8). The management works to make sure that the requirements according to the state's policies are met and achieved in good terms. The Quality Management Plan (QMP) for the 10,000 Rubber component project will establish the activities, processes, and procedures for ensuring a quality product upon the conclusion of the project. The purpose of this plan is to: Define acceptable quality standards of the produced rubber products. Define quality assurance activities in the line of production. Ensure quality is planned according to the requirement. Define how quality will be managed in the production cycle. Purpose and Objectives The purpose of the 10,000 Rubber component production Quality Management Plan is to establish the plans, processes, and responsibilities required to implement effective quality management functions for the project mentioned above. This QMP defines how the Project Team will implement, support, and communicate project quality practices for utilization in the overall production process (Morris and Jamieson, page 5). Identify the quality matrix The quality planning team identifies the matrix the quality assurance team will use in the processes (Rodrigues and Sbragia, page 44). Therefore, the senior management of the project in collaboration with the process owner will identify and develop the right metrics that are applicable to the entire project. Creation of quality checklist The plan will assist in the identification of the quality checking list that will be used by the team in the production cycle of the Rubber component in the industry. This will be done by the senior managers in support by the process owner (Besner and Hobbs, page 20). Problem remediation The project will have various meetings with teams and the top leadership in the determination of the problems and the possible solution to the issues. The identified projects will then be solved to prevent further issues that might arise in the process of production that might affect the quality of the product. The matrix below describes the quality assurance standards for the Rubber component project: Project Process Quality Assurance Standard Inputs Include Project Schedule Management Project schedule review meetings occur Project schedule review meetings well attended Modifications to the project schedule accepted and tracked Impact estimations taking place outside of/prior to the schedule improvement process Roles and responsibilities are well defined Action items from review meetings are documented and tracked to completion Schedule Management Plan Project Schedule Standards References Al-Zwainy, F.M.S. and Neran, T.H., 2015. Investigation and Evaluation of the Cost Estimation Methods of Iraqi Communication Projects. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, IJEMR, 5(6), pp.41-48. Alvarez-Dionisi, L.E., Turner, R. and Mittra, M., 2016. Global project management trends. International Journal of Information Technology Project Management (IJITPM), 7(3), pp.54-73. Besner, C. and Hobbs, B., 2013. Contextualized project management practice: A cluster analysis of practices and best practices. Project Management Journal, 44(1), pp.17-34. Diniz, J.D. and Fabbe-Costes, N., 2007. Supply chain management and supply chain orientation: key factors for sustainable development projects in developing countries?. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 10(3), pp.235-250. Heldman, K., 2015. PMP project management professional exam deluxe study guide: updated for the 2015 Exam. John Wiley Sons. Morris, P.W., and Jamieson, A., 2005. Moving from corporate strategy to project strategy. Project Management Journal, 36(4), p.5. Rodrigues, I. and Sbragia, R., 2013. The cultural challenges of managing global project teams: a study of Brazilian multinationals. Journal of technology management innovation, 8, pp.4-4. Reich, B.H., and Wee, S.Y., 2006. Searching for Knowledge in the PMBOK Guide. Project Management Journal, 37(2), p.11. Stackpole, C.S., 2013. A project manager's book of forms: A companion to the PMBOK guide. John Wiley Sons. Pasian, M.B. ed., 2015. Designs, Methods, and Practices for Research of Project Management. Gower Publishing, Ltd. Polak, J. and Wjcik, P., 2015. Knowledge management in IT Outsourcing/Offshoring projects,". In Project Management Development-Practice and Perspectives", Conference proceedings, Ryga, ?otwa," PM World Journal (Vol. 4, No. 8). Wysocki, R.K., 2011. Effective project management: traditional, agile, extreme. John Wiley Sons.

Ethics and Governance for Organizations Cosmetic - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEthics and Governance for Organizations Merely Cosmetic. Answer: Is Formal Ethics Training in Organizations merely Cosmetic The sentencing guidelines of United States of America have endowed the firms with incentives to develop formal ethics programs with a view to promote ethical organizational cultures for reducing corporate offenses. However, critics often term the ethical programs as cosmetic. After the implementation of the formal ethical training for two years, a single training session, the training proved to have positive impact upon the organizations ethical culture (Ruiz-Palomino and Martnez-Caas 2014). This essay shall outline the arguments that support the promotion of the formal ethics training and formal ethics programs. The essay further discusses about the social theories that talks about the comprehensive ethics training and signifies ethical culture that is, values, beliefs and behaviors. There are different kinds of studies that shows that implementation of formal ethical training in an organization is beneficial for the organization. Although the training programs are different in various organizations, but most of the programs include certain common ingredients such as business conduct, ethics officers, formal codes of ethics and ethics committee. Recently, the sentencing guidelines of the United States have been amended that requires that every employees of the organization shall be provided with formal training programs (Goetschn and Davis 2014). These programs provide the organizations with an opportunity to not only communicate the procedure and standards of the organizations but also about the various aspects of the compliance and ethics programs of the company. The formal ethical trainings aim at encouraging ethical behavioral conduct and at the same time discourage any form of unethical behavioral conduct. However, it is upon the organization to exhibit the type of due diligence that is usually expected from such organizations. The phrase organizational culture refers to the culture that is prevalent within the organization that reflects in the values, beliefs and in the behavioral conduct of the organization and its members (Huhtala et al. 2013). Although the sentencing guidelines do not provide a precise definition for the formal ethics training and programs, it makes certain recommendations that relates to the components existing in the ethics training programs. A code of ethics is considered as an essential component of company culture and it is the responsibility of the organizations to promote the ethical policies effectively in order to benefit from the advantages associated with such ethical organizational culture. The code of ethics is perceived as an administrative formality, the advantages of which can only be realized by the employee if they remain committed to the code of ethics that is prevalent in the organization. The organizations must adopt such formal ethics programs that lay more emphasize on the ethics, acquiescence, and that which uses communication as a source of communication and interpretation (Warren, Gaspar and Laufer 2014). These are the fundamental features of formal ethical trainings that enables an organization to maintain an effective ethical organization culture. Despite the structure of the organization, the persons holding the top positions must set out the behavioral conduct that they are expected to exhibit. Ethical awareness commences from the head of an organization and is followed by the remaining employees. In other words, if the directors did not undergo any formal ethical training or if the organization does not provide a scope for formal training, it cannot be expected that the employees of the organization would undergo such training either (Steele et al. 2016). The Sentencing Guidelines provided by the US offer incentives and disincentives with a view to ensure effective organizational self-regulated ethical conduct. The concept of sentencing guidelines is based on theory of responsive regulation. According to that theory, self-regulation is considered as an optimal process that can be replaced only if there is an additional formal control in the event the firm experiences failure. The underlying notion behind the adoption of this responsive regulation is that such stringent firm regulations is essential for the growth and development of an organization which can be achieved through the formal ethics programs. As discussed above, with the implementation of the formal ethical training in an organization, it has led to several positive impacts on the organization. It is evident from the fact that the application of the ethical training has created positive atmosphere in the workplace and has fostered a sense of trust among the workers. Further, such a positive working environment enhances the morale of the employees, which is essential for any organization as it encourages the workers to communicate and interact with each other thoroughly. An open and effective communication channel is an essential feature of the formal ethical training that encourages the employees to work together as a team with a view to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. The implementation of the formal ethical training incorporates other essential values like accountability and integrity within the employees, which would further enable the company to attain its objectives. Several critics have raised questions about the ethical code as to whether ethical codes in organization actually work and assist the company to achieve higher goals. The use of the ethical code promotes ethical cultures in organizations that aim at guiding the employees and the management in making ethical decisions in the workplace (Kaptein 2015). The ethical code addresses different forms of issues in the organization that includes employee-management relationships, issues arising out of conflict of interests and other financial practices, etc. The term of code of ethics has been used as interchangeably with other terms such as code of business standard practices, code of conduct, etc. it is pertinent that the employees of an organization has a set of standard that they are required to follow in the workplace. Although several persons may not favor the implementation of formal ethical training in organizations as it is merely superficial and does not assists the employees to resolve any ethical issues, but it is also important for the employees to understand that they must take appropriate and reasonable steps to resolve such issues. The significance of formal ethical training lies in the fact that it acts as guidance for the managers and the employees while making any decisions relating to ethical issues (Medeiros et al. 2017). It also ensures the management of the fact that since the employees are provided with formal ethical training, they would maintain ethical organizational culture and act effectively towards the attainment of the goals and objectives of the organization. The implementation of the formal ethical training is subject to criticisms relating to the conflict of interests that might arise between the employers and the employees. The ethical training imparted to the employees requires them to comply with the ethical code that is in practice, within the organization and requires the management to be supportive of the ethical compliance program as well. In the event, the members of the management team decides to apply their own version of corporate ethics to manage the respective departments, it might lead to confusion in the workplace (Kashif, Zarkada and Ramayah 2016). For instance, if the management deals with sexual harassment or workplace bullying in a manner that does not comply with the ethical programs prevalent in the organization, it may set a precedent that would affect the entire organizational culture. Furthermore, the expenses incurred in formulating, applying and maintain the ethical training in an organization is high and the process is time-consuming as well. There is constant need to change and review the ethical policies of the organization as it grows, to signify the changes in the workplace culture and the laws of the organization. In order to administer the ethical program, it is necessary to appoint ethics office and requires commitment to the personnel resources and company financial (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). An organization is often compared to people because the organization often functions as a moral agent, which is accountable for its actions. The compliance programs are designed to avoid unlawful conduct and to act in conformity with the regulations that are exposed externally. Even though the organizational ethics refers to the image of the organization, it is the employees working in the organization, who exhibits illegal and unethical behavioral conduct. In regards to the issues that may arise in implementing the ethical training can be redressed if the management of an organization considers ethical culture in terms of a multi-system framework and must include both informal and formal systems in an aligned manner to support any ethical action and judgment. As discussed earlier, those who hold the top positions in the organization must set ethics as an effective management support as well as leadership is fundamental to encourage and motivate the workers to maintain the ethical culture within the organization (Kuntz et al. 2013). The formal system includes resources to implement programs that encourage ethical practices and the informal system includes the behavior of the leaders who demonstrates how the employees should maintain ethical culture within the organization. On one hand, the formal ethical training established by the United States, include policies, codes, selection systems, training programs and other formal decision pro cesses. On the other hand, the informal side includes the behavioral conduct, organizational rituals that prevent any form of unethical conduct within the organization. It is a fact that a formal ethical training does not assist the employees to handle every difficult situation in the organization, hence, should not be considered as an alternative for judgments made by individuals. The arguments suggest that ethical culture is perceived as multidimensional interplay between the formal and informal system of the organization that aims at promoting ethical or unethical behavior (Weaver 2014). It is also a fact that it incurs huge expenses to develop and implement the formal ethical training in an organization, but the outcome of the training enables the organization to provide an ethical workplace, which, in turns, encourages the employees to work more efficiently, and the result is the attainment of the company goals. Formal ethical training is not merely superficial but significant and it genuinely enables the employees and the managers to make ethical decisions ensuring that the employees are working towards the achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization (Crane and Matten 2016). The ethical training in any organization defines the values of the organization and strives to promote agreement among the organizational members, thus, strengthening the underlying culture in the organization. A formal ethical training actually enables an organization to achieve its aspired goals and objectives is evident from the fact that it enables an organization to pay more attention to the reporting and responding procedures within the organization. This is because it is important to clarify the process by which employees should report about any form of unethical behavior within the organization and it is also one of the essential features of a formal ethical training program to ensure that the employees of an organization is provided with a positive work atmosphere. Therefore, comprehensive ethical training defines unethical behavior and incorporates such behavior into the employees. After the implementation of the comprehensive formal ethical training and explication of the reporting process the employees would be engaged to report about any unethical behavior that they face within the organization (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). According to general training research, formal ethical training affects the organization in two possible ways. The theoretical perception consistent with the research on formal ethical training signifies that the impact of training disperses over time (Dane and Sonenshein 2015). The other theoretical view signifies that changes related to the training shall be self-reinstated, which would only strengthen the effect of the formal ethical raining. As per the general training research, the employees are required to be provided with training periodically as the trainings disperse over a long-term. From the above discussion, it can be observed that a willingness to behave ethically is related to the expectation that an organization shall appropriately respond to such ethical behavioral conduct. A positive perspective of organizational efficacy in redressing issues related to ethical behavior is related to the willingness of the employees to report about the unethical behavior. The organizations can self-regulates successfully when certain incentives and disincentives are provided and the implementation of the formal ethical training acts as a mechanism of strict self-regulation, which aims at promoting ethical organizational culture. The arguments pertaining to the features of ethical training itself, suggests that it is not merely cosmetic but it does significantly influences the decisions and the insight of the members of the organization. Reference Ruiz-Palomino, P. and Martnez-Caas, R., 2014. Ethical culture, ethical intent, and organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating and mediating role of personorganization fit.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.95-108. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Huhtala, M., Feldt, T., Hyvnen, K. and Mauno, S., 2013. 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